ANVĪKṢIKĪ SEBAGAI EPISTEMOLOGI KLASIK HINDU FONDASI FILOSOFIS BAGI COGNITIVE SCIENCE KONTEMPORER
Keywords:
Anvīkṣikī, Hindu epistemology, cognitive science, Nyāya, Indian philosophy, consciousness, mindAbstract
This study aims to explore Anvīkṣikī, the classical Hindu discipline of reasoning, logic, and
critical analysis as a form of epistemology that can contribute to the development of
contemporary Cognitive Science. In the Indian philosophical tradition, Anvīkṣikī includes not
only rational and dialectical methods, but also introspective and spiritual dimensions in
understanding the process of thinking and consciousness (citta). This article presents a
historical-philosophical study of the main texts containing the teachings of Anvīkṣikī, such as
Kautilya's Arthaśāstra and Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika sources, and analyzes how this epistemic
framework can be compared and reconciled transdisciplinary with the main theories in
Cognitive Science, such as mental representation, reflective consciousness, and embodied
cognition. Using hermeneutic approaches and conceptual analysis, this study shows that
Anvīkṣikī contains principles of systematic rationality that are in line with modern cognitive
science approaches, but at the same time extends them with ethical and spiritual frameworks.
This study offers an important contribution to the development of non-Western epistemologies
in the field of mind studies and proposes a more inclusive philosophical dialogue between
Eastern and Western scientific traditions.
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