ASTRONOMI HINDU DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEOLOGI HINDU: KAJIAN FILOSOFIS TERHADAP RELASI KOSMOS, TUHAN, DAN KEHIDUPAN

Abstract

Hindu Astronomy is a branch of knowledge within the Vedic tradition that functions not only as the study of celestial bodies but also as a theological and philosophical framework explaining the relationship between God, the cosmos, and human life. Previous studies have primarily focused on historical, astronomical, and calendrical aspects, while theological interpretations of Hindu astronomy remain relatively limited. This study aims to analyze the concept of Hindu astronomy from the perspective of Hindu Theology and to explore the philosophical meaning of the relationship between the cosmos, the Divine, and humanity.

The research employs a qualitative library research approach combined with perspectives from philosophy of religion and Hindu theology. Primary data were obtained from Hindu sacred texts, including the Ṛgveda, Upaniṣads, Bhagavad Gītā, Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa, and Sūrya Siddhānta, as well as relevant scholarly literature. Data were analyzed using content analysis and philosophical hermeneutics to interpret theological and cosmological concepts.

The findings reveal that Hindu astronomy integrates empirical observations of celestial phenomena with theological teachings through the concepts of Brahman, Ṛta, Dharma, and Jagat. Cosmic order is understood as a manifestation of Divine will that provides the foundation for ethics, spirituality, and harmonious human life. The study proposes Hindu astronomy as a model of cosmic theology that holistically explains the relationship between God, the cosmos, and humanity, contributing to the advancement of Hindu philosophical and theological studies and encouraging future interdisciplinary research.