Mistisisme dalam Teks-Teks Hindu: dari Pengetahuan Spiritual Menuju Realisasi Ketuhanan

Abstract

Mysticism is an important dimension of the Hindu tradition that involves not only knowledge of the Divine but also spiritual experience and the transformation of consciousness toward divine realization. However, interpretations of Hindu texts often remain focused on doctrinal and conceptual dimensions, leaving the relationship between spiritual knowledge, spiritual practice, transformation of consciousness, and divine realization insufficiently explored in an integrated manner. This study aims to analyze the concept of mysticism in Hindu texts and examine the transformative process from spiritual knowledge toward spiritual experience and the realization of the Divine. This research employs a qualitative method using a literature study and textual analysis approach. Primary data are drawn from the Upaniṣads, Bhagavad Gītā, and Yoga Sūtra, while secondary data consist of relevant books and scholarly articles on Hindu mysticism, philosophy, theology, and spirituality. The data were analyzed through identification, thematic classification, interpretation, and synthesis of key concepts, including Brahman, Ātman, jñāna, yoga, dhyāna, bhakti, transformation of consciousness, and mokṣa. The findings indicate that Hindu mysticism constitutes a transformative process that moves from spiritual knowledge to spiritual internalization, practice, transformation of consciousness, spiritual experience, and ultimately divine realization. This study contributes to the development of Hindu philosophy and theology and has implications for Hindu religious education by emphasizing not only the acquisition of religious knowledge but also spiritual practice, reflective awareness, character formation, and transformative experience.